College Debate Essay

In Katherine Porter’s essay, â€Å"The Value Of a College Degree†, Katherine answers the question to whether continuing education beyond high school is worth it or not. Since college costs are increasing radically every year, many students and parents aren’t considering a two- or four-year college education a necessity. Her essay is reaches out to those parents and students who are in doubt, with the use of cited evidence and her many research studies, she is determined into convincing those who question attending college to pursue further education. Although the question of whether continuing education beyond high school is worth it or not remains unsettled by many, it should definitely be considered. First off, a valuable college education brings out the best in a person; it makes them stronger and builds an immense amount of confidence. Some may consider pursuing a college education as something that’s completely out of reach, but I might just have to say that you’re wrong. A college education not only builds strength and confidence, it also helps you grow. College students are situated in different types of situations, environments and or settings in which they encounter all kinds of people. To explain much further, as said in a source found in Google: â€Å"College education has a profound effect on a person and his or her life. It helps people choose their careers more wisely and the college experience makes people become more confident and can make better and well judged decisions. † (Google. com, Value of College Education) A College education develops growth in terms of adulthood and maturity, built from experience. Many high school students believe that doing well academically would be enough. That is only somewhat true; most colleges consider well-rounded students, like those who participate in extra curricular actives, activities such as being involved in sports, volunteering, and community work. Keeping an open mind when considering college selections is a very important factor when it comes to decision making. Parents and students should not allow money or locations limit their thinking when researching schools. By attending college fairs, and purchasing college guide books they’ll learn about colleges that ‘fit’, in an overall aspect. Scheduling interviews, preferably on-campus interviews, will allow students to demonstrate genuine interest and allows him or her the opportunity to make a valuable link. All in all, the key factor isn’t getting a college degree itself but the degree owner. A college education is now a necessity, and the average American couldn’t possibly make it through these times and those that are to come without one. â€Å"Get in(worry about the money later. †

Comparison between Roman and American Political Institutions

The Roman civilization was one of the most important civilizations occurred in the world. Political system in the Roman period encouraged people's participation and paved the way for democracy. The ancient political structure in the Roman period influenced the future democracies of Europe and other parts of the world. In the modern period, the United States is considered a role model for many democracies across the globe. There are several countries that have emulated the US style of democracy in their political system.While Roman political institutions were symbols of democracy in the ancient and medieval period, the political institutions in the USA hold significance in the modern period. Both Roman and American political institutions have many things in common. Historical Background â€Å"In 27 BC, Emperor Augustus devised a new form of monarchy by offering more powers to the people† (Abbott, 1963). He laid the foundation of a democratic system of the government that became the basis of the political structure of the country. Augustus maintained the forms of republican government until his death.He transferred the legislative function of the assemblies to the Senate. His successors followed the political structure established by him and also revised the structure from time to time. Major changes in the political structure of Rome were noticed in the medieval period. The political structure of the United States is vast and constructive. The US has the world's oldest written constitution. â€Å"The US Constitution, which formed the basis for laws and administration of the country, was written in 1787† (King, 1990). There have been many changes in the United States after the Constitution came into force.However, the basic principles remained unchanged. The Constitution provides the guidelines for the structure and functioning of the political institutions of the country. Political Structure in Rome and America The United States is comprised of 50 different states. The political structure of the United States has the federal government, state governments and local governments. The President is the head of the US political system. The federal government of the United States consists of the President, the US Congress and the federal courts.The US Congress is the main political institution of the country, which has two chambers called the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate has 100 members, while the House of Representative has 435 members. The political institutions of Rome consisted of the Assemblies, Senate, Curia and Forum. The Roman assemblies were integral parts of the political institutions of Rome. The Roman assemblies had both legislative and judicial powers in the Roman Republic. The Senate is the most deliberative body of the roman political system and it had considerable clout in the roman politics.Roman Assemblies vs American Legislature Unlike the legislatures in the United States, the Roman assembl ies used to open the houses directly to the people. The legislatures in the United States and other countries appoint representatives elected by the people. However, Roman assemblies were directly governed by the people. They also possessed important legislative powers such as passing laws and bills. In Roman assemblies, normal citizens did not debate legislation. There were only magistrates who had the power to propose legislation.The Roman assemblies were not deliberative by nature, while the Senate is deliberative. However, both the houses of the US Congress are deliberative. Of the two chambers of the US Congress, the Senate is more deliberative than the House of Representatives. The House of Representatives in the United States is similar to the Assemblies in Roman political structure. It is a house of people and follows public opinion. Just like the Roman assemblies, the House of Representatives has more proximity to the mass sentiments. However, there is one major difference in both the political institutions.While members of the Roman assemblies were appointed by the emperor or the rulers, members of the House of Representatives are elected by the people. Each of the 50 states is represented in the House of Representatives proportional to its population. Each member serves a two years term. The Roman Senate vs the US Senate The Senate in Rome was not an elected body. It was consisted of members from the Roman aristocratic classes. Those senators were primarily former magistrates who had severed in important administrative posts in the past. â€Å"The Senate held the major powers to preserve Roman knowledge and tradition.It always took major decision on religious affairs, public policy and foreign affairs. The Roman Senate was known as the â€Å"Council of Elders†. It had around 300 members. The Senators could be expelled if they were found to have committed an act against the public morals† (Abbott, 1963). Senators in the United States ar e directly elected by the people in their respective states. Each state sends two members to the Senate. Each senator serves for a six year period. â€Å"Elections are held for one-third of the seats of the Senate every second year.After being elected, a Senator serves until the expiry of his term† (King, 1990). Like the Roman Senate, the US Senate is also known as the â€Å"House of Elders†. The US Senate has the power to expel any member. Two-thirds majority votes are required to expel a Senator. Judicial Powers The Roman assemblies possessed judicial powers. At a later stage, some of the judicial powers were transferred to permanent courts. Although the separation of powers did not exist in the Roman political system, checks and balances were perfectly maintained. In the United States, the judiciary is separated from the legislature.The Senate or the House of Representatives do not have any authority over the proceeding of the courts. The Supreme Court is the highes t judicial body in the United States. While other federal courts are created by the Congress, the Supreme Court has been established by the US Constitution. Local Governments in the United States and Curia and Forum in the Roman Empire â€Å"In the ancient times, a curia was considered as a subdivision of the people. It was a meeting place where the tribe discussed its affairs. At a later stage, a curia became a place where local government held office† (Abbott, 1963).Judicial proceedings and government meetings were held in curia. The Roman Forum was the center for commerce, business and administration. All the community-based activities were held at the forum. The local governments in the United States resemble the Roman curia and forum. Local governments in the United States are referred to the governments at the city, town or village. Local governments have own jurisdiction on the developmental work in their areas although they are accountable to the state and federal gov ernments. ConclusionBoth the Roman and American political institutions have great significance in propagating democratic values in the world. Political system in the Roman Empire was the basis for the new political structures in the modern world. The US political system, which is being adopted by many countries in the world, is influenced by the ancient Roman political system to a large extent. Bibliography: King, A. (1990). The New American Political System. American Enterprise Institute. Abbott, Frank Frost. (1963). A History and Description of Roman Political Institutions. New York: Biblio & Tannen.

Analyzing the Psychological Effects of Epilepsy

Analyzing the Psychological Effects of Epilepsy   Julie LaMon Epilepsy is a chronic seizure disorder. The hallmark of Epilepsy is recurrent, unprovoked seizures. In the United States alone, there are around 100,000 new cases of Epilepsy every year (Sirven and Shafer). Epilepsy affects more individuals than cerebral palsy, cancer, tuberculosis, muscular dystrophy and multiple sclerosis combined (Fletcher). Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes (Rathus). Epilepsy is related to psychology because it has the ability to cause stress and anxiety, to effect the way epileptics interact with other people, and lastly it has the ability to effect moods and could ultimately lead to psychological disorders. Epilepsy can occur in both children and adults, and cause seizures that can be life threatening or even appear as just a blank stare. Seizures occur when electrical signals are abnormally transmitted; these signals then alter typical brain functions (The Johns Hopkins University). Generally, anything t hat disrupts the function of the brain, or the normal pattern of neuron activity, can lead to possible seizures or brain damage (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke). Scientists today are still trying to find answers to what cause some cases of epilepsy. The main reasoning for why epilepsy occurs, lie under the thoughts that  patients with epilepsy have abnormal brain wiring. While the indicators of a seizure may affect the body, the electrical currents that yield the symptoms happen in the brain (Sirven and Shafer). They also have discovered that an active variable in epilepsy is the imbalance of neurotransmitters, nerve signaling chemicals. The imbalance of neurotransmitters changes important features of brain cells, or channels (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke). In an interview with Julianna Macgregor, who was diagnosed with epilepsy in 2014, she answered questions about what provokes seizures. Although not all cases are the same, s he notices an increase in seizures when she is under stress. Research has shown that â€Å"90% of seizures are caused by stress† (Fletcher). Certain situations like arguments, heavy workloads, time deadlines, fears, and fevers make her and others more prone to seizures. She notices more seizure activity when she is not on a consistent sleep schedule. Macgregor also stated that her doctors stated her case was â€Å"not textbook,† so they are still determining a benign treatment. Seizure activity was found in her right frontal lobe and both temporal lobes. Recently there has been activity in her left frontal lobe as well. In the right frontal lobe, she experiences bursts which move to the motor cortex and cause her arm to twitch, which are known as myoclonic seizures (Macgregor). Psychologically, epilepsy has effected Julianna Macgregor. Once diagnosed she became stressed realizing the fear that she most likely will have this disorder for the rest of her life. She also i s constantly apprehensive of the switching of treatment and medication, because none of them are effective. Macgregor admitted to losing hope last year. Lastly, she admitted her struggle in accepting that she cannot do things that everyone else can do. Due to her epilepsy, she will not be able to get her license unless she goes one-year seizure free. Macgregor shared that she was depressed for a while and had to attend therapy (Macgregor). Julianna Macgregor explained that she currently takes 92 pills a week in attempt to control her seizures and is lucky to get through 2 days without any type of seizure. Her doctors continue to search for a beneficial treatment for her, but for now, medication and diets are not effective. In June of 2016, she was set to receive brain surgery, but the doctors concluded it was much too dangerous. Since Macgregor has apparent seizure activity throughout most of her brain, the risks were higher that surgery would only provoke more seizure activity in o ther sections of her brain (Macgregor). The different types of seizures are determined by which part of the brain is effected by the electrical misfiring. There are many types of seizures, but they can be divided into two major classifications: generalized and partial. Partial or frontal seizures occur when one or more areas are effected. People experiencing this type of seizure usually experience some type of warning signal (The Johns Hopkins University). Simple focal seizures may manifest in different forms, depending on what part of the brain is affected. Seizures are usually limited to certain muscle groups. The individual is not conscious during simple focus seizures (The Johns Hopkins University). Complex focal seizures usually occur in the temporal lobe. This part of the brain controls memory and emotions (Rathus). During these seizures, the person loses consciousness, but they might appear awake. They may also display uncontrolled behaviors such as laughing, crying, or s creaming. After the seizure ends, the person often complains of exhaustion or fatigue (The Johns Hopkins University). The four types of generalized seizures are petit mal, atonic, myoclonic, and generalized tonic-clonic, or grand-mal. Petit mal seizures last less than thirty seconds. Patients will appear awake but will blink/twitch. These patients are in a completely different state of consciousness (The Johns Hopkins University). Atonic seizures generally occur when a person experiences total muscle loss and becomes flaccid and unresponsive. Myoclonic seizures are when the person experiences quick and erratic muscle movement. Myoclonic Seizures usually occur several times within a 24 hour time period (The Johns Hopkins University). A generalized tonic-clonic seizure, or grand-mal seizure presents itself in five phases. Although not present in all seizures, a person experiences contraction of muscle, extension of muscle, tremors, contractions, and relax stages. After the seizure, the person might exhibit extreme exhaustion or may experience headaches, muscle aches, blurred vision, or diminished hearing (The Johns Hopkins University). After someone experiences a seizure, for the first time, they are taken to the hospital for precautionary reasons. Doctors are not able to consider patients for epilepsy, or diagnose patients with epilepsy until they experience a second seizure. In order to research seizures and to determine the source, potential patients go through multiple tests. Some of the tests include EEGs, MRIs, blood tests, and CAT scans. EEGs or Electroencephalograms are used to gather data about the brain a well as the patterns of brain waves. MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, is a procedure that uses large magnets, radiofrequencies, and a computer to produce thorough images of structures within the body. CAT Scan, Computerized Axial Tomography, is used to check and detect abnormalities, such as brain tumors (Fletcher). Continuing research is concentr ated on developing new treatments. In biological studies, theorists believe that genes may influence or cause epilepsy. This may allow doctors to prevent epilepsy, or figure out the most beneficial treatments for their patients. Scientists also continue to study neurotransmitters, and how neurotransmitters interact with brain cells to control nerve firing and how non-neuronal cells in the brain contribute to seizures (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke). The psychological consequences related to a person with epilepsy is traumatic. People who suffer from epilepsy generally suffer from low self-esteem. Other emotional issues include anxiety, denial, depression, and anger. Epilepsy is not prevalent in individuals until a seizure occurs, therefore it is easy to hide it from others. Epilepsy effects families, schools, and employment. Generally, there are more cases of learning disabilities that occur because of medication prescribed or memory loss due to seizures. A person with epilepsy needs a strong support system involving the family, doctors, friends, and support groups within the community (The Johns Hopkins University). References   Fletcher, Sally. The Challenges of Epilepsy: Take Control of Your Seizures and Your Life- Third Edition . San Rafael, Ca: Aura Publishing Company, 2004. Macgregor, Julianna. What Are Certain Causes For Seizures? Julie LaMon. 29 November 2016. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. NINDS Epilepsy Information Page . 1 February 2016. 3 December 2016. Rathus, Spencer A. â€Å"Psychology: Principles in Practice.† Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2003. 4. Textbook. Sirven, Joseph I. and Patricia O. Shafer. What Is Epilepsy? January 2014. 30 November 2016. The Johns Hopkins University, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, and Johns Hopkins Health System. Epilepsy and Seizures . n.d. 30 November 2016.

How the spaniards (conquistadors) destroyed the economic structure of Essay

How the spaniards (conquistadors) destroyed the economic structure of the Incan Empire - Essay Example were doing these people a favor, they have led to the long term destruction of what is now Latin America, due to the overwhelming poverty and elitism that dominates the continent. Through this conquest, the conquistadors destroyed the economic structure of the Incan Empire and of the region altogether. The Incas were a civilization in what is now South America that had a history of being led strongly, which included its economic structures, even though â€Å"The Inca Empire was actually quite short-lived, lasting only about 100 years, from ca.1438AD, when the Inca ruler Pachacuti and his army began conquering the neighbors of the Inca heartland of Cuzco, until the coming of the Spaniards in 1532† (Ogburn 1997). The Incas were led, during their best periods, by Huayna Capac. After Capac and his heir apparent both died of smallpox, however, a war broke out in order to decide who would take over the civilization and become its new leader. At the center of this conflict were Huascar and Atahualpa, who were brothers and were also the sons of Huayna Capac. Huascar became the emperor of the civilization, although there is no evidence to suggest that he was meant to assume this power when his father died. Huascar was a madman, who came close to murdering his mother and his sister, but he was still very popular amongst most of the population that he governed over in the southern part of the region. Atahualpa, on the other hand, took over the northern part of the region during this time period. These two brothers were able to live in peace for a few years, but problems eventually broke out, which caused a war between the two sides. Consequently, over 100,000 people were killed during this war, which shows the savage demeanor of this society. Atahualpa’s side eventually won the war, but he soon started to go insane as well. He treated members of the losing side very horribly and even killed Huascar’s children right in front of him. While Atahualpa now had full control of

International business environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

International business environment - Essay Example This assignment aims at discussing the concept of political economy in the context of Ireland in 2004. The paper will firstly provide a brief overview of the concept of political economy followed by a brief overview of Ireland. Then a thorough analysis of the case of Ireland in 2004 will be made and the theory of political economy will be applied to the same. Globalization is the process of speedy yet steady change and integration of countries and the occurrences that happen with the use of foreign trade and a lot of foreign investments. Globalization can be expressed as newer opportunities and possibilities for action among people across the world. Here the location is not an issue and the social activities are not affected by the location of the individuals or the businesses. There have been a number of different definitions that have been provided for globalization, however none of these can be considered to be precise. However some of the definitions that have been provided by experts are discussed below. According to Stephen Gill, globalization is a method of reducing the costs in terms of transaction and Trans – border movements of, capital as well as goods and also the factors of production and goods (RobertC.Feenstra & Hanson, 1996). However Guy Brainbant (Aisbett, 2003) has described globalization to be a process which do es not only includes the world trade, but also includes a number of other factors like the development of advanced means of communication, financial markets becoming internationalized, higher and growing importance to multinational companies, higher mobility of people, population migration, and mobility of other factors like goods, capital, data and also ideas. With the rapidly increasing connections across the world and a number of new integrations worldwide, there has been a shift in the pattern of studying politics of economic relations

Information System Security of a Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Information System Security of a Company - Essay Example The essay "Information System Security of a Company" talks about the measures companies should take against ‘social engineers’. Phones are the most dangerous tools that hackers use in stealing out information from an organization. Because of their skills in deceiving naà ¯ve people into revealing proprietary information, these hackers are termed as social engineers. They attempt to gain information by enticing people into simple gimmicks and taking advantage of the people’s trusting nature. Quoting an example of a real life case where a hacker manages to get a spyware installed on a Vice President’s PC, the author points out about the vulnerability of human beings and the ease at which any clever hacker can succeed. The hacker or social engineer first manages to get the contact number of a new employee from the HR department and then, pretending to be one of the vice presidents, he calls the employee and fools him into downloading a file on the actual VP’s computer. This does require technical skills to create the malware files and a sufficient amount of information about the organization and its employees, but the core essence is the ability to sound genuine on the phone and trick the other person into believing you. This method is very dangerous and using such techniques, social engineers can easily gain control of company’s computers and telephone systems and pretending to be company’s employees, they can even access company’s confidential information such as customer lists and financial data.

Strategic information management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strategic information management - Essay Example Due to increased competition soon afterwards a huge loss was made in 1990 (Ryanair 2010). Some of the threatening competitors were Aer Lingus and British Airways. This loss acted as a wake up call for the management whereby policies were put in place e.g. intense advertising, low fares and low cost of operations yielded a higher passenger traffic, higher profits and lower costs. According to Palmer and Ponsonby (2002, pp. 260 – 401) the airline industry the world over has been one marred by intense competition as time passes. In Europe the situation is no better and in fact may be termed as more volatile than in other regions of the world. Miriam (2010) says that Ryanair has operated in this region for more than two decades and has emerged as the market leader in regards to low cost category. This airline’s management has for this time tried to use various strategies that are as dynamic as the industry itself in order to maintain the market leadership position as well as keep on expanding. This paper will look into the goals and objectives that the company has, give an analysis of the airline’s internal and external environment by use of Porter’s 5 forces and PEST analysis. The paper will go further to give its SWOT variables while evaluating the overall company strategy over time by use of relevant financial information spanning half a decade ago. The airline has ensured that its fares are the lowest in the routes that it plies. It has been able to do this by reducing its costs to the minimum e.g. by use of simple advertising, hedging fuel costs, no frills, no travel agents used, in-house marketing, use of secondary airports etc. all these result to lower costs therefore enabling the airline to charge less (Ryanair 2010). The company has been making the service as simple as possible while ensuring customer satisfaction. It has done this

A case study,plan the use of cash in a business and discuss the Assignment

A case study,plan the use of cash in a business and discuss the financial aspects of assessing managerial performance - Assignment Example The ABC costing process helps in the most beneficial allocation of resources on profit bearing products, departments and activities and reducing the costs associated with non-profitable products, services or activities. The Activity Based Costing (ABC) method is an extremely advanced costing method that helps to increase the profitability of an organization through the identification of the unnecessary costs that can be eliminated to lower the overall production costs of the organization. The Activity Based Costing (ABC) method is being considered by the case company i.e. Berry Ltd. Berry Ltd. has been using the traditional absorption costing method as the main costing technique for the company. The company manufactures three main products and the costs and resources of each of the products are allocated through the use of the absorption costing process. Absorption costing is a managerial costing method in which the expensing of the costs of all the products manufactured in the company are allocated through the consideration of both the total overheard cost and the total direct costs associated with the manufacture of each of the products. As per the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), absorption costing is the preferred method of costing used by the companies for the purpose of external reporting (Clyde, Brown and Whalen 2006). The management of Berry Ltd is considering the adoption of the Activity Based Costing (ABC) method in the company in order to achieve better cost management and control in the company. According to both the Production Director and the Finance Director of Berry Ltd. the use of the Activity Based Costing (ABC) method is likely to improve the overall cost control of the company and thus, lead to increased profitability in the business. Since, lowering the operational costs is a major way of increasing the margins associated with the manufacture and subsequent

Compare columbus two letters regarding his voyages.how are they Essay

Compare columbus two letters regarding his voyages.how are they different in term of tone and diction.give specific examples that demostrate these differences and supply a reason for the difference - Essay Example This letter had a lot of exaggeration concerning the number of concurred islands and their wealth. Columbus wrote his letter to Gabriel while still on board the ship at the canaries (Winsor, 1891). Unlike the other letter, this letter described difficulties experienced in their voyage. This letter was also written to show the difficulties the crew had to endure in order to make a successful voyage. Unlike the previous letter, this second letter was written in a less optimistic tone. The second letter was also written from reality and, therefore it lacked exaggeration. The letter written to Louis contained many myths and hence unrealistic. In the letter written to Louis, Christopher talks about having discovered strange islands and communities. He talked of having discovered an island with fierce man-eating monsters. In his letter to Gabriel, Christopher talked about a storm that they encountered at the canaries and, this indicates the reality in the

Production Plan for Riordan Manufacturing Essay - 2

Production Plan for Riordan Manufacturing - Essay Example That means that the company aims at [providing the best relationship with the company and that will enhance the client customer relationship. The company believes that relationships that are long term should be sorted by maintenance of a rigorous control that is of a high quality and that should be responsive to the attitude in the execution of the business and the setting of prices that are reasonable. The company also maintains an employee team that is team oriented and innovative in working. The company maintains an innovative team by making sure that it has employees that are properly supported and well informed and the company ensures that the climate that is provided in the working area is focused on viability that is long term. The company has a future that is based on achievement and maintenance of profitability in an attempt to assure that human and financial capital is available so as to encourage growth in the company (Riordan manufacturing.com) The company is a manufacturer of plastics and it employees more than 550 people and it has a projected earnings that is equivalent to $46million. The company is owned by Riordan industries which have a total revenue base that is greater than $ 1 billion. The products that are manufactured by the company include beverage containers that are plastic, customized plastic parts and fan parts that are made of plastic. The company operates 3 entities that are based in Michigan, California and Georgia and a joint venture that is based in china. The operating entities have systems that are independent and they have the following components; The entity that is based in san Josà © is licensed for integration of windows based on ERP manufacturing, financial management and distribution of software application that are designed for processing plastics and assembling of the manufactured products. However, the given license usually does not include the

Wangari Maathai Essay Essay Example for Free

Wangari Maathai Essay Essay Throughout history many people have devoted their life to promoting and protecting people’s human rights. One of whom was Wangari Maathai. She devoted her life towards bettering the environment of her native land, Kenya. Maathai was an environmentalist who developed the Greenbelt Movement. She was also known as a women’s rights advocate and she received many awards. Some of which were the Nobel peace prize in 2004, legion d’Honneur, France’s highest award in 2006 and in 2005 she was named one 100 most powerful women by Forbes Magazine. Some of the women in Kenya started to notice that the quality and quantity of their crops was going down due to environmental damage. One of those women was Wangari Maathai. She decided to try and help to fix the damage that had been done. Maathai did many things to improve the environment, one of which was founding the greenbelt movement. The green belt movement is an organization that promotes and awards the planting of â€Å"green belts† to stop soil erosion, provide shade and create a source of lumber and fire wood. Started on earth day in 1977 the movement has since planted over 15 million trees, produced income for 80 thousand people in Kenya alone, and has expanded its efforts to over 30 African countries, the U.S., and Haiti. Maathai was a very influential woman. Her success made a huge impact in the world. Through the greenbelt movement the vegetation in Africa greatly improved. This method then spread throughout the world. The impact Maathai had on the world will never be forgotten.

Calculating the Young Modulus of Constanton Essay Example for Free

Calculating the Young Modulus of Constanton Essay Introduction Constanton is a copper-nickel alloy mainly used in the for its electrical resistance properties. It has a high resistance which is constant over a wide range of temperatures. I am going to find out the Youngs modulus of this wire and observe its behaviour. Apparatus * Constanton Wire * G-Clamp x2 * Pulley * Hanging weights * Ruler * Micrometer * Small marker flag * Wooden end blocks * Sponge Blocks Underlying Theory When a sample is deformed by a force, the deformation is proportional to the magnitude of the force. This is shown by Hookes Law where: Force is equal to a stiffness constant (k) times the extension (e).The force is proportional to the extension. For a sample we can also calculate stress and strain: Where stress is equal to force (F) divided by area (A) and strain is equal to extension (e) divided by original length (l). When you plot these on a Stress-strain graph it proves Hookes law when it is straight line but as soon as the graph curves, the sample is showing plastic deformation as it is past the elastic limit. Using this graph we can work out the Youngs Modulus of a sample which is: This is also measured in Nm-2 or Pascals (Pa). It can also be calculated by working out the gradient on the stress-strain graph. When a wire obeys Hookes Law it deforms elastically. This means that when the load is removed, the wire returns back to its initial length. The atoms in the wire move small distances from their equilibrium positions but then return. After the elastic limit the wire starts to deform plastically. The atoms move within the structure so they cannot return when the load is removed. Measurements Throughout the experiment these measurements will need to be taken and observed: * Stress Force and surface area * Strain Initial length and the extension * Youngs modulus * Percentage error error of each piece of equipment * Hookes law (F=ke) Method To measure the Youngs modulus of constanton I will: 1) Set up the equipment as shown. 2) Choose a suitable section of wire from the real that doesnt appear bent, twisted or deformed. Measure the diameter of the wire with a micrometer before attaching it to the weights. 3) Attach a marker flag so the extension can be measured. 4) Start the experiment by measuring the initial length of wire and adding the 100g weights and measuring the new length each time. 5) Record your results in a table and plot a stress-strain graph using these results. Weight (g) Mass (N) Length (mm) Stress (Nm-2/Pa) Strain 6) Repeat the experiment three times or until you get a set of similar results. Results Experiment 1 In the first attempt at calculating the youngs modulus of constanton i used 0.44mm diameter wire with an initial length of 500mm. I measured both in millimetres because this would avoid converting units when calculating the strain of the wire (e/l). The wire only extended by 1mm when 1700g were added to it so I abandoned the experiment and changed my method slightly to get more extension for mass. Experiment 2 I changed the diameter of wire used to 0.23mm which is almost half the thickness than before. By using thinner wire we should see more extension for the amount of weight added so we can measure it with a ruler more easily. The initial length of wire was also 500mm. When i carried out the experiment the wire proved to be too thin because as only 500g was added the wire started to show rapid plastic deformation and continued to extend by roughly 6% (30mm) of its original length before the wire broke. Experiment 3 I changed the diameter again so I could record more conclusive results. I used a diameter of wire in between the diameters of the first two experiment (0.31mm) and an initial length of 500mm. I still couldnt record too accurate results as the wire didnt extend enough so I could only plot three points on a graph before it showed plastic behaviour. Further experimental changes were needed. Experiment 4 This time I changed the initial length of wire used to 800mm from 500mm. This would amplify the extension so I could measure it with the ruler because the rate of extension would increase and also the amount of extension would increase. By increasing the initial length of wire it would also decrease the percentage error in the measurement of the wire with the ruler. The percentage error goes from 0.1% to 0.063%. Experiment 5 This was a repeat to check the accuracy of experiment 4. In this experiment i encountered a few problems. The knot holding the weight hangers on kept slipping and the results found did not match the pervious pattern. Experiment 6 This was my third repeat of experiment 4. This gave me a fairly similar set of results to experiment 4. Due to time restrictions, no more experiments could be carried out to do a third repeat. Calculations * Using the diameter to work out the surface area. Let x = diameter X 10-3 = to change from millimetres to metres 2 = to change diameter into radius Then substitute it into the formula for the area of a circle. * Change grams into Newtons for force. Which is equivalent to 10 * Changing Pascals (Pa) into Megapascals (MPa) * Working out gradient to find the Youngs Modulus. Graphs To plot the graphs i only plotted points where the wire extended by a millimetre because the wire was extending between those points but I could not take sensitive enough measurements with a ruler. To plot the graphs i also changed Stress from Pascals (Pa) to Megapascals (MPa) to make it easier to plot on the graph. I also used the graphs to work out the Youngs Modulus of the Constanton by finding the gradient of the graph before it reached the elastic limit. Inaccuracies Here are some factors that may have caused some inaccuracies in my measurements: * The wire may contain impurities that change the way the wire behaves. This cannot be helped. * By attaching a pointer you can affect the sample by restricting the way it behaves. To avoid causing too many inaccuracies use as thin a pointer as possible so there is as little as possible touching the sample. * The pulley wheel may cause friction but this is the most sensible way of converting horizontal movement into vertical. * There also may be bends or variation in cross sectional area in the wire. To minimise the risk of this, dont use the first few metres of wire until you find a section that looks roughly undamaged. Percentage Errors The main source of percentage error is in the measurement of the diameter taken by the micrometer even though the micrometer is accurate to 0.005mm and the ruler is only accurate to 0.5mm. In experiments 4, 5, and 6: % error of diameter = [ 0.005 / 0.31] x 100 = 1.6% % error of length = [ 0.5 / 800 ] x 100 = 0.06% Other sources of percentage error are: Diameter of the wire which is an example of uncertainty in the measurements. Actual mass of the weights which is an example of systematic error. Conclusion Using experiments 4 and 6 I was able to work out my youngs modulus of Constanton by finding the gradient of the initial straight part of my graph. Experiment 4 = 280GPa Experiment 6 = 240GPa The real value of the youngs modulus is 162GPa so I am out by approximately a factor of two. This is not too far away from the true value considering the huge uncertainties involved with my measurement technique. To improve my accuracy I would either have to improve my measurement techniques or change my method completely. In conclusion, the method was affective for demonstrating the affects of Hookes law but not for measuring accurately the youngs modulus of constanton. Modifications in the Method * Attaching the pointer to the pulley stops the pointer coming into contact with the sample of wire which could obstruct deformation but if the wire extends more than the pulley can measure then the experiment will not work. * Illuminate the pointer to produce a magnified shadow of the movement. This makes it easier to see movement and allows for more accurate measurement however you need to calculate and calibrate magnification. * Use wire that isnt wound round a real because it distorted the start point of my curve. A typical youngs modulus curve starts at the origin but mine doesnt because first few hundred grams was used to apply tension to the wire to bend out the curves.

Tactics And Targets Of Revolutionary Terrorism Politics Essay

Tactics And Targets Of Revolutionary Terrorism Politics Essay Revolutionary terrorism is a phenomenon that has affected much of the world since the beginning of the 20th century. This essay will argue that revolutionary terrorism has its roots in revolutionary socialist theory. It is this framework that provides the justifications and rationales for revolutionary terrorist activity. I will begin with an outline of the key concepts of revolutionary thought, as described in the writings of Marx and Engels. Furthermore it will be shown that other key figures, including Vladimir Lenin, Mao Tse-Tung and Marighella have influenced the evolution of revolutionary terrorism in the 20th Century. Secondly, I will outline the tactics employed by revolutionary terrorist groups and the groups and individuals that constitute their targets. They argue that the use of terrorist tactics with the aim of replacing exploitive capitalist governments with an equitable socialist society is in keeping with the fundamental aims of revolutionary socialism. In order to il lustrate the influence of the theory discussed, I will examine the cases of the Italian Red Brigade and the Japanese Red Army. These groups underwent a campaing of terror to facilitate this change. By opting to use terrorism they sought to undermine the legitimacy of their respective governments and agitate for a popular uprising. In order to understand the justficications that revolutionary terrorists have had for the use of terrorist activity, it is necessary to look at a series of events that took place in the 20th century. The writings of Marx and Engels are key. Marxist thought holds that the great inequalities that exist in the world in terms of the uneven distribution of wealth, power and land are due to the oppression of the working classes by the wealthy bourgeoise. Marx contends that a fundamental change of government must occur to achieve social, economic and political equality. His vision of an equitable socialist society will take place only after the advent of revolution, the overthrow of the bourgeoise by the proletariat. Central to Marxist thought is a call to arms of the masses. It is this call to arms that is central in revolutionary terrorists rationales for the use of political violence. Although Marx was personally opposed to terrorist violence as a means of achieving his socialist vison, further developments of the 20th century can be seen as instrumental in the evolution of revolutionary terrorist rationale. 1917 saw the Russian revolution and the succesful creation of a communist government. The progression of the socialist cause in other countries around the world however stagnated. This was partly due to the repression of leftist movements in liberal states around the world. Soviet Leader of the time Vladimir Lenin criticised socialist leadership for their passivity and their lack of militancy in bringing about revolution. Lenins solution to the problem came in the form of the concept of the Vanguard. He proposed the creation of an elite militant group to create the circumstances in which a popular uprising could occur. Mao Tse-Tungs use of guerilla warfare in his fight against the Chinese nationalists was inspired greatly by Leninist thought. The Chinese Red Army acted as the vanguard of the socialist cause and succesfully radicalised the population, which was key to their eventual victory and ascent to power. By the 1960s The lack of success once again in bringing about the revolution led to leftist thinkers turning to even more violent and militant means to achieve their political aims. The contribution of Brazilian marxist and writer at this point in time was undeniable. In his most famous work the Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla of 1969, he provides advice on how to overthrow an authoritarian regime to bring about revolution. Among the key messages of his writings is that of armed propoganda. He argues that the use of violence and terrorism is an important tool for those seeking to achieve socialism. In his book he describes terrorism as a weapon the revolutionary can never relinquish. The use of terrorist tactics in conflicts in South America became a source of inspiration for leftist groups in Europe and other parts of the world. During the 1960s and 1970s the vast majority of developed countries experienced attacks from revolutio nary terrorists. Thus, the inherent inequality that exists in a capitalist society can be seen as the primary justification that revolutionary terrorists have for the use of terrorist acts to achieve their goal of a socialist society. Among the most well known and most fatal revolutionary terrorist groups was that of the Italian Red Brigade. Founded in 1970 by far left-wing students, the Red Brigades considered the Italian government of the 1960s and 1970s to be a contemporary version of the Fascist Italy of the 1940s. The members were particularly critical of the political and economic institutions of the Italian state. In their 1975 manifesto they state their goal as a concentrated strike against the heart of the state, becasuse the state is an imperialist collection of multinational corporations. The Red Brigades aimed to replicate the socialism of Lenins Soviet Union. They justified their violent acts arguing that they operated within a coherent intellectual tradition and considered themselves the vanguard of the Italian proletariat. The militant leftist group of the Japanese Red Army were established in 1969 and advocated imminent socialist revolution. They differed from their Italian counterparts in their en gaging in terrorist activity primarily on foreign soil. This was due mainly to the fact that the autocratic Japanese regime was very effective in stamping out leftist dissidence. The stated aims of the JRA were to overthrow the Japanese government and monarch and start a world revoloution. Often cooperating with other international leftists groups, the JRA were a well organised and methodical terrorist group. Tactics The tactics utilised by revolutionary terrorist groups are in keeping with the fundamental aims of revolutionary socialist theory. Among the tactics adopted by such groups include; armed robbery to gain resources and weapons for their cause, kidnappings, assasinations, indiscriminate attacks of civilians in public places, hijacking and the taking of hostages. Revolutionary terroists have two key aims that they wish to achieve through their use of terrorist tactics. The first of these is to undermine the legitimacy of the existing regime. By undertaking a series of terrorist acts against both civilian and official targets, revolutionary terrorist groups hope to upset the societal framework on which civilans depend and trust. A successful campaign of terrorist acts will call into question the competence of the government which fails to complete its fundamental responsibility of protecting its people. It is hoped that the resulting decrease of legitimacy in the eyes of the people will b ring about popular discontent and a desire for political change. In this situation the dissidents would have the opportunity to inherit power and implement political, social and economic changes. The second main aim of dissidents is to provoke governments to be repressive. This approach is rooted in the concepts developed by Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci. Gramsci contendeds that capitalist states engage in deliberate deception of their working classes in order to preserve the status quo. His concept of hegemonic false consciousness holds that states deliberately hide their repressive and authoritarian nature and distract the population to prevent it from taking part in revolutionary activity. In the process of attempting to deal with the threat of terrorist activity and counter the destabalising effects on society, a government will tend to decrease the rights of the population. In doing so the true nature of the state would be revealed and would be opposed by the people. This str ategy of agitational terror was utilised to great effect by the Italian Red Brigades. The Red Brigades also performed a number of bank robberies, which served both to fund their cause. Undertook kidnappings of key political and business leaders. Another method they employed to attack the system was that of kneecapping, which involved shooting both knees of a target in order to cripple them. In the 1977 trial of captured Red Brigade members disrupted proceedings by assasinating a judge and members of Given the Japanese Red Armys inability to operate within Japan, the group Hopes of terrorists is that they will provoke the government to be repressive. In its attempts to deal with the threat of terrorists, government will become more repressive, they will restrict the rights of the population. this repression will make the masses see the true colours of the regime, this will then spark a popular revolt, or at least undermine popular support for the regime. This provocation of hope to destabilise the state, because if the government is unable to deal with the threat of terrorists and support its people, the support for the government will dissappear. The competence of the government is called into question, and thus its legitimacy. Popular discontent could then bring about change, and in this situation the dissidents would have the opportunity to gain power and then implement changes. The intended effect of terrorist strategies include armed robbery: to gain weapons and resources for the cause. kidnapping, assasinations, indiscriminate attacks in public places. kidnapping for the purpose of coercive bargaining. hijacking of aeroplanes, taking hostages. revolutionary terrorists advertise their cause. Carlos Marighella: concept of coercive bargaining. kidnapping of businessmen or prominent figures, demand the settlement of labour disputes or distribution of goods to the poor, or demanding release of political prisoners. Assassinaton: by snipers, letter bombs, car bombs etc. undertake campaigns of assassinations. sometimes also coordinate this with industrial action.. Indiscriminate attacks in public places: Firing randomly of machine guns into crowds of Israeli civilians in 1972 at Lydda Airport by Japanese group sponsored by Palestinian radical exiles. Targets Distinction between audience and the targets of the attacks themselves. The value of terrorism to revolutionary groups lies in its pyschological effectiveness. The intention is to generate a psychological response among the people, which varies from fear to sympathy or admiration of the cause. It is the hope that these emotional responses will influence political behaviour and further the chances of success for the revolution. The main audience is therefore the civilian population. targets are selected often as they are symbols, or represent something. Terrorism affects the social structure as well as the individual; it upsets the framework of precepts and images which members of society depend on and trust. Since no one longer knows what sort of behaviour to expect from other members of society, the system is disoriented. hopes to destabilise the ruling power as its people dont have faith in its ability to protect them, thus diminishing their legitimacy in the eyes of the people. (Thornton, revolutionary terrorism expert) Revolutionary terrorists are not pshychopaths, they are dedicated individuals operating within a coherent intellectual tradition. They do not have the capability to meet established military forces head on in battle, use terrorist tactics The red brigades -Drew on Marxist/Leninist writings. What are the elements/features of socialist thought which have provided terrorists with justifications for terrorist action? What are the ethical justifications for terrorism within revolutionary socialist thought? terrorism as a means/vehicle to overcoming exploitive, repressive capitalist societies. The appeal of marxism in the past is clear. Class inequality, vision of the creation of a communist utopia. Seeking a more equitable distribution of power and wealth. concept of armed propoganda by Carlos Marighella. The terrorists were to bring about the circumstances in which the popular uprising would occur catalysts for change agitational terror. premeditated political strategy. Brainstorming/ notes. In order to understand the justifications of revolutionary terrorism it is necessary to investigate the Marxist ideas in which revolutionary violence is based. Social and political change. Marxist concept of class inequality needs to be rectified. Marxist vision of a communist state/ society, in which there is social, economic and political equality. (economic inequality, inequitable access of resources) Struggle between classes Struggle driven by ownership of means of production End point of history/ goal is communism The generator of this social change is class struggle (tyranny of bourgeoise). The bourgeoise (the owners of means of production) and the proletariat (workers). Marx predicts the eventual clash of these classes, with the prediction that the proletariat will be the victors. An appealing/ utopian political vision, something worth fighting for. The communist manifesto (conveys basic ideas of communism, simply written to appeal to proletariat). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. So who is going to bring about this change? Who is going to be the vehicle for change? Communists openly declare their aims: The communists disdain to conceal their views and aims. They openly declare that their aims can be attained only by the forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions. Let the ruling classes tremble at a communist revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. Proletarians of all countries, unite! (Marx and Engels 1848). Key message is that in order to make this transition happen, proletariat needs to fight. Lenin: wrote pamphlet What is to be done, as overthrow of bourgeoise had not yet been achieved as predicted by Marx. Came up with concept of the Vanguard. Aimed to accelerate revolution. Blamed the lack of change on the passivity of the leadership, that socialist leaders had been to compromising in their dealings with liberal states. He criticised the passivity of the masses. Solution: the vanguard. the creation of a committed and militant group, who would forge ahead, even if the conditions arent yet perfect for revolution, accelerating history to bring about the dictatorship of the proletariat and an eventual communist society. (from lecture slides). Because of the success of the Russian revolution of 1917, liberal democracies were able to prevent this happening again in their own countries. Different tactic had to be adopted in order for communism to be realised. Must be a more militant approach, an army needs to be built to liberate the proletariat. (good example of maoist china. Utilised guerrilla warfare to bring about revolution. Maos book on guerrilla warfare. For mao, guerrilla warfare is means of radicalising the population. Won hearts and minds of people. A move from a political vanguard to a guerrilla vanguard. Eventually to terrorist vanguard. Concept of the vanguard was central to the thinking of revolutionary terrorists of the 1960s and 1970s. Problem of the 1960s was that revolution seemed to stall againà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ explanation for this was false consciousness. The reason that the proletariat had not yet risen up to bring about the revolution. Antonio Gramsci, Italian Marxist. False consciousness argument is that through media, advertising, books, novels etc.. the bourgeoisie class convince the oppressed proletariat that their life is not so bad. They distract the people from realising that their real place is in revolution. Introduces concept of hegemonic false consciousness, makes people desire what is not really in their interests. The way to educate the masses, to neutralise the hegemonic discourses which seduced and distracted the people, is to shock them. Arguments of Carlos Marighellas: (wrote The minimanual of the urban guerrilla). That terrorism is an important tool for revolutionaries. Armed propaganda, using violence to gain attention to the cause. A way of cutting through false consciousness. Provokes the liberal state to be repressive and thus expose its true face as a fascist dictator. Terrorism is used as a means of mobilising the masses to act. Armed propaganda. Role is to fight, to keep up the cause, to remind people that communism is still a realisable dream. Keeping alive the revolutionary dream. (marighellas argument). Examples: Japanese Red Army, pro Palestinian Red Army Faction. Italian Red Brigades: Antonio Negri. Definition revolutionary terrorism: Revolutionary terrorism is a part of insurgent strategy in the context of internal warfare or revolution: the attempt to seize political power from the established regime of a state, if successful causing fundamental political and social change.

How Employees Affect Consumer Behavior :: essays research papers

How Employees Affect Consumer Behavior Summary   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I am going to discuss how employees affect consumer behavior and what I believe are the best ways to improve their effectiveness. I will be drawing upon my experiences as a consumer and working in a retail environment. Comments   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  No one fulfills your corporate philosophy or promotes your products and services more than your employees. They are like ambassadors representing the United States when the president can not be there in person. You need them to act on your behalf when dealing with customers. If the customers aren't treated well once in your store or business, what good does it do to use marketing to get them into your store or business. You also have the problem of each customer who was treated poorly, telling other people about their bad experience with your company. This might not seem like a big deal, but it is and it's even worse when people are telling others how great your competitor treated them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I've had a few experiences where I have felt that I haven't been treated properly or fairly by store employees. Most of the time I've been able to find another person to help solve my problem and I was able to walk away a satisfied customer. There are some instances when I have consciously went to a competing business, because of the way I was treated. I know I am not the only person who does this, so I feel it is very important to have a work force that helps market your products, by being friendly and knowledgeable. This will prevent customers from turning away from your products and services. Ask your workers if they would recommend your product or service to their family and friends. If your people lack confidence in your company, you need to find out why and fix it. You want them to be proud to use your product or service so they can convey this feeling to the customers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some of the things that turn off consumers are long lines and employees who don't pay attention or just go through the motions. Rudeness, impatience, and judgmental remarks are very damaging to your company image. Workers who are poorly trained or don't know about your product or service serve no purpose and let down customers. Lies, dishonesty, and promises that are broken cost companies a lot of business when you look at the long run. Ask your workers if they would recommend your product or service to their family and friends. If your people lack confidence in your company, you need to find out why and fix it.

Respect for Nature in Rime of the Ancient Mariner Essay -- Rime Ancien

Respect for Nature in Rime of the Ancient Mariner  Ã‚  Ã‚   "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a parable of a seaman's crime against nature (pointlessly killing an albatross) and his repentance by blessing the lowly water-snakes.   Setting the poem in the Middle Ages in the then-unknown seas near Antarctica, the poet is able to make his narrative credible and give the reader what is called 'the willing suspension of disbelief.'   "    This seven part ballad begins as a tale told by an "ancient Mariner" who has grabbed hold of a Wedding Guest and captivates his will by sharing his wild tale at sea: "The Wedding-Guest stood still, And listens like a three years' child: The Mariner hath his will."   The ancient mariner tells us about a great Albatross, "At length did cross an Albatross, Thorough the fog it came; As if it had been a Christian soul, We hailed it in God's name." The Albatross brought "a good south wind" and enjoyment for the mariners. But then, for no reason, the ancient Mariner says that "With my crossbow I shot the Albatross" and from then on, Nature had her fury on...

Capital Punishment is an Effective Deterrent :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Capital Punishment is an Effective Deterrent Throughout history, statistics have proven that Capital Punishment has been an effective deterrent of major crime. Capital Punishment is the lawful infliction of death among criminals and has been used to punish a wide variety of offenses for many years all over the world (Bedau 16). When the death penalty is enforced, it shows society that committing a capital crime has deadly consequences. In early times, many methods of Capital Punishment were used to deter a variety of crimes. For over a century, the uniform method for executing persons in America was hanging, although starvation was very common also. There were exceptions which included spies, traitors, and deserters who would face a firing squad. Then in 1888, New York directed the construction of an "electric chair" (Flanders 11). It was believed that the new harnessed power of electricity would prove to be a more scientific and humane means of execution. The first electrocution took place in New York in 1890. In the past, capital crimes were much different than they are now. Robbery and the selling of alcohol to underage customers was a serious capital crime (McCuen and Baumgart 21). Rape was also a crime where the criminal was sentenced to death. In America, only thirty-seven states authorize the death penalty. In most of those thirty-seven states, murder is the only capital crime. The Supreme Court requires that two conditions must be met in order for a specific murder to warrant the death penalty (Nardo 32). The first condition is that it must be first degree murder, which is the deliberate and premeditated taking of life. The second is that one or more aggravating circumstances must be present. Aggravating Circumstances refer to those aspects of a crime that increase its severity. An example of an aggravating circumstance would be torture in conjunction with a murder. ("Capital Punishment" 32). Every society has faced the problem of what to do with its most troublesome criminals. Many people in the past have argued whether or not Capital Punishment is justified and necessary. Most societies now believe that a criminal should receive punishment proportional to the crime committed. Most societies believe that such a severe punishment was necessary to install fear in others. While more social structures developed, the crimes developed into public and private offenses. Public offenses such as witchcraft and blasphemy, were punished by the state; while private offenses still were answered by acts of personal retribution. The enforcement of Capital Punishment in the early twentieth century declined drastically because of all of the controversy.

Types of Thermometer

Different types of thermometers Galileo thermometer. A  Galileo thermometer  (or  Galilean thermometer), named after Italian physicist  Galileo Galilei, is a  thermometer  made of a sealed  glass cylinder  containing a clear  liquid  and a series of objects whose densities are such that they rise or fall as the temperature changes. By definition, Galileo's thermometer is actually a thermoscope, not a thermometer. Gas thermometer A  gas thermometer  measures  temperature  by the variation in volume or pressure of a gas.One common apparatus is a constant volume thermometer. It consists of a bulb connected by a  capillary tube  to a  manometer. The bulb is filled with a gas such that the volume of the gas in the bulb remains constant. The volume is related to temperature by k, known as Charles's Law  . The pressure of the gas in the bulb can be obtained by measuring the level difference in the two arms of the manometer. Gas thermometers are often used to calibrate other  thermometers. Alcohol thermometerThe  Alcohol thermometer  or  spirit thermometer  is an alternative to the  mercury-in-glass thermometer, and functions in a similar way. But unlike mercury-in-glass thermometer, the contents of an alcohol thermometer are less toxic and will evaporate away fairly quickly. For the working temperature range, themeniscus  or interface between the liquid is within the capillary. With increasing temperature, the volume of liquid expands and the  meniscus  moves up the capillary. The position of themeniscus  shows the temperature against an inscribed scale. Infrared thermometerInfrared thermometers  infer  temperature  using a portion of the  thermal radiation  sometimes called  blackbody radiation  emitted by the object of measurement. They’re sometimes called  laser thermometers  if a  laser  is used to help aim the thermometer, or  non-contact thermometers  to describe the deviceà ¢â‚¬â„¢s ability to measure temperature from a distance. By knowing the amount of infrared energy emitted by the object and its  emissivity, the object's temperature can be determined most of the time. Mercury thermometer A  mercury-in-glass thermometer, is a  thermometer  consisting of  mercury  in a  glass  tube.Calibrated marks on the tube allow the  temperature  to be read by the length of the mercury within the tube, which varies (nearly linearly) according to the temperature of the mercury. To increase the sensitivity, there is usually a bulb of mercury at the end of the thermometer which contains most of the mercury; expansion and contraction of this volume of mercury is then amplified in the much narrower bore of the tube. The space above the mercury may be filled with  nitrogen  or it may be less than atmospheric pressure, which is normally known as a  vacuum.

Bottled Water and Its Industry

Bottled weewee and Its Industry Bottled piddle is a larger business. Since the 1970s the plenty for bottled urine system has boomed well-nigh the world. point soft- confuse companies same Pepsi and Coca-Cola have immerse their hands into this successful w be. According to drinkable Marketing Corp, New York City, Ameri masss now let to a greater extent bottled weewee than milk, coffee, beer, or some(prenominal) other drink (Fishman) Consumers thirst for the crapulence is fueled by umpteen factors, superstar of the largest causations world an increased interest in a healthy lifestyle.As a result, the bottled pee market increased by an second-rate of 9% annu on the wholey amidst 1999 and 2004 (Spinner, 2006) The spheric rate of usance more than quadrupled between 1990 and 2005 (Li, 2007) People in the linked States debase more than half a meg bottles of piss a week that is copious to circle the earth more than 5 generation (Leonard). How understructure we explain this heading and what be the consequences for producers, consumers, and the environment? Bottled irrigate consumption reflects a certain(prenominal) look of life. In galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) cases, bottled pissing is an alternative to fee peeing.Consumers think it attempts amend than tip body of irrigate and they perceive it as being safer and of better prime(a). Bottled piss is perceived as processed and harm little, although it is non necessarily the case. Consumers c atomic number 18 for their health and their well-being and bottled irrigate happens to be a quick, easy, and healthy alternative to other bottled beverages. The level of bottled piss comes support to how the economy works. If companies require to hold open growing they have to keep selling more and more stuff. In the 1970s giant soft drink companies got worried when they saw their growth projections looting signal to level off (Leonard).This was most(prenominal) possibl e because angiotensin converting enzyme person can b bely drink so much soda peeing supply and sooner or later wad were going to realized that soda is non healthy and they allow convert back to insobriety ping pissing. So at the end of the 1970s companies base their nigh big thing in a French product, Perrier. This was water exchange in glass bottles and became the newest fad. It wasnt until 1989 when they started manufacturing bottled water in plastic containers ( pesterped, 2009). But how do you cook large number to keep spending 2-thousand whiles more on a product that they can get out of their kitchen throw off?Companies needed to find an effective way to keep people interested in their product, so they start using construct demand, or advertising. They started scaring people away from drinking faucet water, telling them it was no good. Susan Wellington, chairman of the Quaker Oats Companys coupled States beverage division said, When were done, water lea n water will be relegated to showers and slipstream dishes (Gleick, 2010) Their next technique was to hide the truthfulness of bottled water behind pure fantasy. They market it as being convenient and personal, which caters to our desires as a human.Producers know that we love having something that is all(prenominal)(prenominal) in completely(a) ours and in close r for each one whenever we wish it. They seduced us with images of mountains, streams, and pristine temper, nevertheless in reality one-third of bottled water in the United States comes from the knock. Pepsi and Coca-Cola ar honourable deuce of many brands that are merely knap water. There is much debate on whether bottled water is better or worse than tap water. Obviously there are places rough the world, and even the United States that do non have access to change drinking water, so yes, in these places bottled water is the better choice.But in the places where most bottled water is purchased, tap water i s equally comparable, if non better, than bottled water. In 2006 Fiji built an ad weigh around not drinking metropolis tap water. They chose the metropolis of Cleveland, Ohio and printed full summon ads in magazines that read The label says Fiji because its not bottled in Cleveland(Gleick, 2010) Obviously the city of Cleveland was not pleased and conducted a art test comparing Fiji water to their citys tap water. The test showed that a glass of Fiji water is lower theatrical role and loses the taste test against Clevelands tap water.Five portion of the bottled water purchased in Cleveland throw away within the required fluoride range recommended by the state, compared with 100% of the tap water haves (Duncan, 2010) Also, a bottle of Fiji costs thousands of times more than the same some of tap water. Tap water being chosen blindly all over bottled water fronts to be the jet trend (Wilk, 2006) Bottled water is actually less regulated than tap water. City municipals must iness perform multiple tests a twenty-four hour period on the citys water source, whereas bottled water industries are not curb under these same laws.Clearly taste is not the central motivation behind the act increase in the bottled water trade (Li, 2007) In March 1999, the Natural Resources defending team Council (NRDC) released a radical called Bottled Water, Pure confuse or Pure Hype? NRDCs writing points out that as much as 40% of all bottled water comes from a city water system, just identical tap water. The report besides focuses on the fact that 60% to 70% of all bottled water sold in the United States is exempt from the FDAs bottled water standards, because the federal standards do not sustain to water bottled and sold within the same state.Unless the water is transported crosswise state lines, there are no federal regulations that govern its quality. According to the NRDC, Bottled water companies have use this loophole to avoid complying with raw material healt h standards, such as those that harbour to municipally treated tap water. Also, all carbonated or sparkling amniotic fluid are completely exempt from FDA guidelines that manipulate specific contamination limits. According to the NRDC think, Even when bottled waters are covered by the FDAs specific bottled water standards, those rules are weaker in many ways than EPA Environmental Protection Agency rules that apply to big-city tap water. For instance, if we compare EPA regulations for tap water to the FDAs bottled water rules (these examples are quotes from the NRDC report) City tap water can have no confirmed E. coli or fecal coliform bacteria. FDA bottled water rules hold no such barrier (a certain amount of any oddball of coliform bacteria is allowed in bottled water). City tap water, from come along water, must be filtered and disinfected. In contrast, there are no federal filtration or disinfection fatalitys for bottled water. Most cities using surface water have had to test for Cryptosporidium or Giardia, two common water pathogens that can cause diarrhea and other enteral problems, yet bottled water companies do not have to do this. City tap water must agree standards for certain important deadly or crabmeat-causing chemicals, such as phthalate (a chemical that can bare from plastic, including plastic bottles) some in the manufacturing persuaded the FDA to exempt bottled water from the regulations regarding these chemicals. City water systems must issue annual chasten to know reports, telling consumers what is in their water. Bottlers successfully killed a right to know requirement for bottled water The Natural Resources Defense Council report settled Therefore, while much tap water is indeed risky, having compared obtainable data, we conclude that there is no assurance that bottled water is any safer than tap water. Often, enforcement and monitoring of water quality is uneven and irregular for both(prenominal) tap water and bottl ed water.While tap water contamination incidents must be inform promptly to the open, the same is not unfeigned for bottled water. While contamination of bottled water does occur, many instances have never received public notice until recently (Gleick, 2010). Aside from the unjustified spending of consumers on bottled water, there are also many health effects inadvertently ca apply by the bottled water industry, one of these problems being tooth decay. Since the 1950s, the United States has been involved in a public health programme called community water fluoridation(1800 Dentist).Many communities passim the nation added fluoride to their water supply, and the result was a significant decrease in the hail of childhood cavities (Xiang, 2010) Bottling companies use processes such as reverse osmosis or distillation to extinguish impurities from the water, which also removes the fluoride (Lalumandier,2009). Fluoride, or lack thereof, in your water may not seem like much of a reason to worry round whether or not you should drink tap water versus bottled water, just now this is not the only risk for consumers.According to a 1999 NRDC study in which approximately 22% of brands were tested, at least one sample of bottled drinking water contained chemical contaminants at levels above state health limits. rough of the contaminants found in the study could convey health risks, such as cancer, if consumed over a long period of time (NRDC) Polyethylene terephthalate ( court, or kissE) is a chemical found in the plastic employ to withstand water bottles. A 2009 study by reasearchers form Goethe University in Germany signify that PET bottles may contain hormone-disrupting chemicals that are detrimental to human health. or so compounds in PET may seep out from these bottles and can possibly cause cancer. This typically occurs when the water is exposed to either cold or hot temperatures (Ferrier, 2001) Another chemical found in the plastic used to energize water bottles is bisphenol-a (BPA). This has multiple health effects, including cancer and re turnout problems in women of child posture age, as well as in babies (Ferrier, 2001, and Tapped). Producers and consumers are not the only components moved(p) by the bottled water industry. Probably the most effected element is our environment.From diminishing unobjectionable water sources, to wildlife, to pollution, our environment is suffering immensely from production and disposal of bottled water. In a recent full page ad, cling to said, Bottled water is the most environmentally answerable consumer product in the world. (Nestle Waters). How can this be true when these industries are trashing the environment all along the products life cycle. This is not environmentally responsible. The problems start with extraction and production where fossil oil is used to make water bottles. PET is derived from crude oil. unmatchable kilogram of PET requires two kilograms of oil and produces t hree kilograms of CO2. Making bottles to meet consumer demands for bottled water requires more than 1. 5 jillion barrels of oil a course of instruction (Arnold, 2006 and Ferrier, 2001). That is enough oil to fuel 100,000 cars each year. With all that energy used to make the bottle, even more energy is used to ship it around the planet and once it reaches us we drink it in about two minutes. That brings us to the problem at the other end of the life cycle. What happens to all the bottles when we are done with them?Eighty percent of empty bottles end up in landfills where they will sit for thousands of years out front decomposing. Many end up in incinerators where they are burned releasing toxic pollution into the atmosphere. The rest is recycled. But what happens to the recycled bottles? In a perfect world each bottle would be recycled and remade into some other water bottle. Instead the plastic goes through a downcycling process, which turns the material into lower grade plasti cs which is used to produce tons of other products, run out much of the scrap and discarding it in another countrys backyard and/or into the naval (Tapped, 2009).There is a garbage patch double the size of Texas in the North peaceable Ocean. The garbage patch occupies a comparatively stationary region of the North Pacific. The rotational pattern of the current draws in waste material from across the North Pacific, including costal waters off North the States and Japan. As material is captured in the currents it rest trapped inside this region of ocean. One hundred million marine mammals and turtles in the North Pacific are killed every year by plastic in the ocean. 70-100% of North Pacific sea birds are affected by eating plastic. flexible is killing the ocean and it is poisoning the weight we eat.Because the fish we eat have credibly ingested contaminated plastic, it is virtually impossible for nature to produce organic fish in the ocean. Pepsis vice chairman in public said , The biggest enemy is tap water. They want us to think it is dirty and that bottled water is the outstrip alternative. In many places public water is polluted. Thanks to polluting industries, one of the major contributors being the bottled water industry. Drinking bottled water has constrain a trivial habit in many peoples fooling lives. Bad tap water taste or quality, fitness goals, and other legion(predicate) reasons lead consumer to buy bottled water.Bottled water may even be necessary, for instance in case of temporary tap water contamination. This flourishing market is profitable for many companies and provides a great number of jobs to people around the world. Bottled water quality is mainly good, although it can suffer from the same contamination hazards as tap water and also contains hazardous compounds in the bottle itself. Some solutions to make sure bottled water quality is as good as it claims could include things like, companies releasing their quality tests on a day-to-day basis and make them available to the community.It should also be required by all companies to include information about where the water came from, or how it was filtered, on the label. The worldwide Bottled Water Association (IBWA) is beginning to go green. Nestle, for instance, will use 30% lighter plastic bottles and 30% littler labels, as well as eco-shaped bottles. Their bottles will be 100% recyclable, and when build production plants they will make sure the building is green-building certified.Another step they are taking is sounding into hybrid vehicles for distribution of their product (Nestle Waters, 2011). This seems like Nestle is taking the right locomote to improve production and use resources in a manner that will supporter improve, or at least maintain, our environment, but I cannot help but respect if this is one of their marketing tools. Sure, they are producing in a more environmentally amicable way, but is this one of their ways of tricking us i nto buying their product and steering us away from their non-green competitors?When buying their product we are still contributing to this market. Bottled water is not all bad. It has many positive uses. Bottled water is an absolute critical lifesaver in many natural disasters. Bottled water has a substantial shelf life. This is especially expensive for emergency preparation, but also for many other purposes. Also, bottled water is a almost ideal consumer product it is healthy, non-addictive, hypoallergenic, caffeine-free, calorie free, and contains no artificial colors, flavors, trans fats, etc. Fager, 2009) Some things we could do to reduce the environmental impact of bottled water are to re-use bottles of water rather than recycle them to be re-manufactured, or buy a reusable, BPA free, water bottle. A more offensive approach would be to lobby with city and state officials for more drinking fountains around your city, or towards the boycott of bottled water in your public scho ols and work places. These are just a few steps to start protecting our wallets, our health, and our planet.

Defining Race and Ethnicity Essay

What do the terms locomote and ethnicity mean to you? Why atomic number 18 these concepts important to coupled States society? carry is usually defined by the color of a persons whittle such as black, or white. These words ar used very frequently. Ethnicity is a more tight-laced way to define us as battalion and usually refers to our cultural background/ancestry. For example Africans, African Americans, Caucasians, and Hispanics. These concepts are important to the United States because of the diversity, and all walks of life, count plays a big role. Our ethnicity/ racecourse is what distinctively separates us from one another by groups. Also check to (Office Of Management and budget August 28,1995)In 1977, OMB issued the Race and Ethnic Standards for federal official Statistics and Administrative Reporting that are set forth in Statistical insurance policy Directive No. 15. The standards in this Directive shake up been used for almost twain decades throughout the Federa l government for recordkeeping, collection, and presentation of entropyrmation on race and Hispanic origin.The standards have been used in two decennial censuses and in surveys of the population, data collections necessary for meeting statutory requirements associated with civil rights monitoring and enforcement, and in other administrative program reporting. Data collection agencies have legislative authority to collect racial and ethnic data needed for Federal programs and in the case of the decennial census, for redistricting. They similarly use racial and ethnic data for analyses of social, economic, and health trends for population groups. Basically it is important for them to collect this info for federal, business, and statistical reasons.Referenceshttp//www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg_race-ethnicity

How Slavery Affected the New World

How bondage stirred the revolutionary hu objet dart world Amanda Maldonado 9/11/2012 unit of measurement 1 experiment When we rec on the whole of striverry we sens non serving to estimate of abuse tribe. strivers argon trusty for do the tonic foundation survey in the actorableness of civilization, and the turn tabu of wealth. With knocked out(p) heavy movementer advertize providence would non be running(a) immediately. striverholding t separatelyes us that after woeful at that place wee-wee for forths reward. At the a deal(p) prison term to a greater extent everyplace, thraldom is the expla terra firma of baffleing and overrefinement. The insularism of love iodins to function a opposite is erroneous.Slave wear upon feeds the procures family, retri scarcelyive distresses the diddlys family. buckle downholding go under ups us parvenue imposts and mutation to the impertinently human. In her book, The Origins of Ameri femal e genital organ Sla genuinely, Betty woodwind instrument explains her situation of look at of how slavery came to be and I pull up stakes be referring to her book. Slave trade union movement is a proposition that is very important, because slaves argon utilise to go to others, without world paid. They atomic number 18 employ as objects and hardened as so. The leter has personnel everyw here the slaves vivification, and liberty, scarcelyton of globe that the slave was no longitudinal a person, a man or a woman, just like a shot an animal. (Origins10) Slaves argon enured this path, withal though they ingathering the feed we eat. The habiliments that the winner wears argon produce by the slave, and with like that the slave picked. The arrive that is cosmosnessness employ to return by the slope, and the Europeans, belongs to the congenital slaves, and unless they atomic number 18 being disordered from their birth just property. The foreigne rs ar taking return of the battalion, to create themselves wealthy. They argon grasping and postulate altogether the riches for themselves and no one else. The Europeans and the side push over world, however that land belongs neither.They came and likewisek over without the altogetherowance of the commonwealth who were in that location first gear. The slaves be pal correct scrimping forward, because their appreh close produces money. capital goes into the economy, and on that point is the incite to a pissed b be-assed universe of discourse. market-gardening and transaction make it effortless for muckle to peppy in the untested World, and persuades lot to come. This in any case persuades slaves, because they count that aroundday they pull up stakes be assuage and in addition garner wealth. The slaves reverse bracing customs to the unexampled World. They meet vernal shipway of cooking, strategies to grow crops, and they bring in ideas to the Europeans and incline. however the face and the Europeans gestate that they ar descents of overplay a evildoer that is penalise with servitude. The slaves be plant to wager because they ar believed to be servants of servants. The display of the Afri plentys and their refinement comes glum as divers(prenominal) to the Europeans, and face. However slaves argon man beings, whether or non they atomic number 18 utter to be descendents of Ham. The first slaves atomic number 18 the inseparable Ameri merchantmans accord to Betty Wood. The reason is because the Natives be al pointy here when the side of meat and the Europeans come.The Natives be lured into slavery, because when the Europeans come, they come with smiles. non consent intercourseing, the Natives cause taken reward of. The Europeans requirement everything that the Natives gull. The Natives at last come slaves. However, the Europeans bring diseases, and track out many a(prenominal) of the Natives. It is not nevertheless Afri gages and Natives that ar slaves though. near slope and some Europeans be put to run low as well, solely a consequence is drawn, that exsanguine shin is too delicate for beat back impertinent. So that is when they bring the Africans.The Africans withal bankrupt of diseases, more(prenominal)over acquire insubordinate last. Their flake off is not weak, and they be hold out to be the outstrip slaves to have. The Europeans and the English hope to cultivate the African slaves, because they tactile sensation that the way they cut and their lack of information is shocking. However, apiece cultivation is various, and it is unsporting to neuter their refining, because changing their culture changes their customs duty. And, tradition is not tradition if it is changed. The raillery of this is the occurrence that Africans argon traded by their own people in Africa.They are traded to the Europeans for gilt an d other objects. They riptide these families away just to be egoistical and greedy. solitary(prenominal) these things, and so far the slaves bear on going. or so try to escape, and push back away, but others take place goal or punishment. invigoration as a slave is a ugly make, and just they know what it authentically find oneselfs like to be one. alone we can do is read active them and feel revolt and impotent. The Europeans and the English get on condition by being leeches. They attract out all the index number from the slaves, duration they stretch forth the flavor of kings and queens. Luckily, this comes to n end eventually it only took more than two-hundred years. But, like a shot we are cease, because they controvert for our granting immunity. thraldom construct the acres that we are at once. They are responsible for our freedom and for the nation we are today. At the age they did not know it, but thank to them today we can be free without c hains. We can pop off life peacefully, and independently. We can passport outside and sigh smart cinch without being afraid. slavery brought traditions, customs, and nearly of all diversity. We do not have to worry or so being detached from our families.And, to the highest degree of all we do not have to be afraid. The hot World is do of immigrants. Whether brought by violence or by choice, this soil we are today is make of people from different countries. We make the new-fangled World, but we owe some of it to the slaves. They are the ones who work hard and experience torment so that today we can be free. Slaves make the sore World succeed, economically and culturally. We are now passable to each other, no more anguish. induce Cited Wood, Betty. The Origins of American thrall granting immunity and imprisonment in the English Colonies. bare-ass York pitcher and Wang, 1998. Print.

Globalization and Early America, 1492-1750

the Statess gravel is all-important(a)ly make by its betimes(prenominal). Hence, it is indispensable for sensation to attain the concepts that create the States to what it is immediately. cosmos(prenominal)isation in the States is superstar of the paint notions that conform to a critical parting in forming at presents society. though several(prenominal) scholars function the origins of planetaryization in recent durations, others study its account statement enormous originally the europiuman mount up of find and voyages to the advanced earth. However, did primordial American narrative enjoyment diddle a procedure in creating instantlys globalization?Does globalization in the past lick a positive, or interdict power in this time plosive? charm whatsoever slap-up force-out deal that enfeebling theme familiarity is a electronegative ending of globalization, others powerfulness subscribe that it has as well sparked frugal innovation. genius of the study characters that changed the tarradiddle of the manhood was Christopher capital of Ohio. What would be the consequence at once if Columbus neer ascertained the sassy World? Firstly, village would be nonexistent. In addition, without settlement U. S. ould pick out never created. The groundwork of the U. S. helped displace more of the beingness towards democracy. It in addition lead to the ontogeny of what is now the instaurations tho superpower. A world without the join States is impractical to see nowadays. Furthermore, a uncoering by some other study character, Ferdinand Magellan, in any case had a marvelous impress on the business relationship of the world. He proven that oceans attached continents quite an than dividing them. How did this important uncovering knead directlys prudence?By having the acquaintance that oceans were huge global passageways, Magellan had present that continents could be linked. Europe had the oppor tunity to entrap a great deli very(prenominal) and multitude power over Asian, Africa and the Americas that created great global craftiness networks. This was the reference of the conception of globalization, which is very satisfying for right aways world economy. This withal set ahead demonstrates that early American fib did play a role in creating todays globalization.

Organizational Behavior Critical Thinking Essay

I expect elect trey theories to incubate the caper. The initial possible action is Schwartzs abide by system. fit to the theory, e real ace has solely(prenominal) extend birth present of in the flesh(predicate) set and the proficiency of these individualized determine is crucial. battle of determine or ruin in attaining them susceptibility tame to employees dollar volume. From the expression, the sr. staffs claimed that the bonuses they accredited were to a bring down place average. I gain that two(prenominal)(prenominal) of the staffs individual(prenominal) quantify were non attained, which in this causal agency perchance advocator and achievement. Their private pass judgment competency as well stimulate struggleed with the smart sets set, which precedeing to their departure. Herzbergs Motivator-Hygiene sup repose is in addition relevant in come up toing this issue. match to the theory, in that think of ar nigh agents those mince to some(prenominal) lend bliss (motivators) and dis mirth (hygienics). The absence seizure of experience which is mavin of the motivators champions to no enjoyment and the heading of hygienics calculates such(prenominal)(prenominal) as paltry net and seismic disturbance of p pose alongs policies such as non gainful bonuses that the conclusion makers deserved aptitude consume to dis joy.This figurehead of dissatisfaction top exe racetrackive be the major(ip) causal agent for the staffs to quit. Lastly, harmonize to The Three-Component present of organizational freight there argon 3 types of trueness that pee a ski binding force, those whitethorn get over the blue dollar volume. They atomic tour 18 to wit normative, duration and emotive loyalty. emotive loading is in general influenced by face-to-face characteristics and taxs and is al to the laid-backest degree link up to the Schwartzs nurture Theory. This committedness w ithal seduces into love naturalize experience, which major power obtain the decision makers termination to quit. rapine of mental wither is a cistron that whitethorn come Normative trueness to be ruptured. UBS has failed to ache the forecast of unsloped about of their executive and this brook be seen as hygiene factors check to Herzbergs Motivator-Hygiene Theory which leads to dissatisfaction. The determine, so far, has cover the early(a)wise ii theories.Adding on to that, this mystify withal includes the casualty of outer factors that tycoon lead someone to depart from a confederation. In this case, approachability of dividing line alternatives in an other(prenominal) companies, which via media their law of continuation commitments, talent be other force that advance executives to throw their positions in the attach to. Therefore, I settle that this model, in comparability with the others, is the most impound model to address the riddle of racyschool perturbation in UBS as it covers more than(prenominal)(prenominal) possibilities and gives us a more cop gain of wherefore the broad(prenominal)er-ranking staffs whitethorn eat up left field the connection. UBS is in truth smooth to the operation of the cosmoss deliverance as it runs in the sports stadium of pecuniary service. myopic globose economic action or recessional is a major factor that influences the problem of last dollar volume go about by UBS. just about of the decisions must(prenominal) be do conservatively by the telephoner as it involves actually postgraduate try aim. finished these decisions, UBS has to deem or yettide correct the line of work satisfaction level of its employee and at the comparable meter, go on to give fine feat. victimize decisions energy urinate UBS to put down its employees even its signalize executives. In the date of monetary crisis, it is more catchy for UBS to manage both its employees contrast satisfaction and besides its performance. This depends by and large on the friendships policy and besides the decisions make by the connection. For instance, in paries bridle-path meltdown in 2008 UBS do a US$32 gazillion sledding and its farm animal value plunged by almost 70% (Gross, 2008). oneness of the decisions that the social club make was to tone-beginning 8900 employees oecumenical (Ubs cast score, 2008). The ontogeny in the principleof fiscal exertion such as assess on pecuniary may alike run the performance of UBS negatively. financial Analysts predicted that this increase in decree give melt finish the surface of the patience (Adams, 2011) and this leaves UBS with no other resource than harsh off the number of its employees. This decision make readiness negatively impact the domicile of the employees as they would face dangerous in their positions.This factor bath likewise be seen as one of the hygiene fa ctors which lead to dissatisfaction and this case in the superior turnover. away from that, the hawkish temper of the persistence itself intensifies the altercate approach by UBS. payable to lower bonuses that it nonrecreational to its executive in comparison to the play off companies ability advertize the executives to flog bon ton. For example, Edward pull wires who has worked for UBS for 28 age discrete to sexual union Morgan Stanley very late (Philbin, 2011) and Suneel Kamlani, who has worked for 21 long time in UBS, dogged to totality RBS just lastly twelvemonth (Muoz, 2010). This shows that it is by all odds a scrap for UBS to heighten higher(prenominal) levels of commitment of its employees and executives. availableness of position and break dance wages offered by rival companies get out judge the loyalty of the UBSs employees.Hence, the high competitor among banks alike induces the high turnover in UBS. To slue turnover, managers should educat e the companys value in the employees. This get out overcome Individual-Organizational value conflict and it dirty dog be do by means of educational activity communion of the companys vision. Managers similarly fill to respect the psychological weigh and should picture more-defined policies to company as it may lessen cable dissatisfaction. In time of crisis, company may too harbour the law of continuation commission of the employees by nonrecreational the bonuses by victimisation the companys share. However, all of the solutions I proposed may not be victorious as they do not take into narration the other orthogonal factors and the triumph in any case depends on the own(prenominal) characteristics of the employees.ReferencesShehan, Tom, S. ,. T. (n.d.). How to carry employees a high turnover ordain is pricey in both turn to and verifying costs. . Retrieved from http//www.allbusiness.com/ solicitude/447495-1.html Gross, D. (2008, July 07). Phil gramms u bs problem. http//www.slate.com/id/2194933/ Ubs lay off chore cut may exonerate 1900 employees. (2008, October 01). Retrieved fromhttp//www.finance-trading-times.com/2008/10/ubs-lay-off-job-cut-may-fire-1900.html Adams, B. (2011, sniffy 30). The bighearted layoff attempt financial giant fires thousands of employees. Retrieved from http//www.theblaze.com/stories/the-big-layoff-struggling-financial-giant-fires-thousands-of-employees/ Philbin, B. (2011, kinfolk 14). passage moves morgan stanley hires rbc, ubs financial advisers. Retrieved from http//online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20110914-711796.html Muoz, S. S. (2010, April 12). Rbs hires signalise executive from ubs. Retrieved from http//www.efinancialnews.com/ history/2010-04-12/rbs-hires-kamlani-executive-ubs